Transportation simulation solutions model transportation systems to improve planning, design, and operations. Traffic simulation models are useful from a local and regional perspectives as they help to spot specific bottlenecks and safety issues, as well as system-wide inefficiencies. Simulation can be applied to both transportation planning and to ongoing system operations. In transportation planning the simulation models evaluate the impacts of regional urban development patterns and events such as storms on the performance of the transportation infrastructure. Regional planning organizations use these models to evaluate what-if scenarios in the region with the objective of building more efficient and sustainable transport networks. On the other hand, modeling transportation system operations focus on local issues, such as a highway corridors and bottlenecks. Lane types, signal timing and other traffic related questions can be investigated to improve local system effectiveness and efficiency. In either case, algorithsm can be used to automate scenario analysis and identify third degree impacts. In the case of operations simulation, IoT sensors can provide real-time data to create a digital twin that provides perspective into evolving events, such as storms, protests, and traffic jams.